Payment systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

earnings systems - Essay fashion modelAn important factor that influences the choice of earnings system lies in the value of the transaction. The most efficient and beautiful payment system in terms of the risk tradeoff for transactions of $100 may not be the same as it is for transactions of $1,000,000. So alternative payment systems often distinguishes amongst a large-value transfer system (LVTS) and a small-value transfer system (SVTS).2 The following stages are involved in Payment System developmentTransitional economies started their payment system development from stage 2, a cash perimeter for consumers and a paper-based noncash circuit for enterprises in which all transactions were gross but with long lags between payment pedagogy and receipt of payment.The prototype DNS system of stage 3 was a simple clearinghouse in capital of the United Kingdom where banks exchanged cheques at the end of each business day. In this system, there were no reference limits between banks , in part because banks did not provide unconditional funds against deposited cheques. Such deposits became unconditional only by and by clearing and the confirmation that fitting funds were available in the payers account. In the case of credit transfers, however, the credit risk is more likely to fall on the receiving bank. With a credit transfer, customers and their receiving banks know that the payer had sufficient funds when making the transfer. So the receiving bank makes funds available to its clients and bears the risk that the payers bank may crumple in the interval between sending the credit transfer information and settling that payment in the end-of-day netting. Stage 4Most industrial countries had reached stage 4, predominantly with DNS systems, by the 1970s or 1980s. In such unprotected DNS systems, commercial banks provided free, unlimited, uncollateralised intraday credit. 3 As risks in both net and gross systems were recognized, exchange banks required collatera l or charged for intraday credit. With limited intraday liquidity, both DNS and RTGS systems have adopted prioritization arrangements, while around DNS systems have increased the frequency of batch settlements during the day. Stage 5Automation increased speed and trim costs, both followed by the dramatic increases in transaction values in both domestic and global financial liberalization that took place during these two decades. The traditional DNS systems of stages 3 and 4 involved unlimited unuttered credit granted to the paying bank by the receiving bank from the time a payment instruction was received until the time of final settlement after clearing. Risks In Payment SystemsLegal risks are maven aspect of the need for certainty about how the system operates. Participants need to know what happens in different circumstances. If a participant defaults, for example, what will be the impact on other participantsOperational risk is